Les choix d’aliments riches en fibres comprennent les bananes, le pain de blé entier, les pommes et le brocoli.
L’intestin humain a évolué pour prospérer grâce aux fibres fermentescibles, et non aux hamburgers.
Il peut être intimidant pour les clients de choisir parmi la vaste sélection de suppléments de fibres alimentaires dans l’allée de la pharmacie ou du supermarché. Ils offrent également une variété d’allégations de santé sans être soumis à l’approbation ou à l’examen de la FDA. Alors, comment pouvez-vous déterminer quel supplément est efficace et le meilleur pour vous ?
Selon une analyse détaillée des microbes intestinaux des participants à l’étude qui ont pris trois types de suppléments différents dans des ordres différents, ceux qui consommaient le moins de fibres avant l’étude ont le plus bénéficié des suppléments, quel que soit le type de supplément.
« Les personnes qui ont le mieux répondu ont mangé le moins de fibres au début », a déclaré le responsable de l’étude Lawrence David, professeur agrégé de génétique moléculaire et de microbiologie à l’Université Duke.
Les fibres alimentaires ont des avantages au-delà des selles plus faciles annoncées. Les fibres fermentescibles, qui sont composées de glucides alimentaires que certaines bactéries peuvent digérer, contrairement à l’intestin humain, sont une source cruciale de nutriments dont vos microbes intestinaux ont besoin pour rester en bonne santé.
« Nous avons évolué pour dépendre des nutriments que nos microbiomes produisent pour nous », a déclaré Zack Holmes, ancien Ph.D. étudiant au laboratoire David et co-auteur de deux nouveaux articles sur la fibre. « Mais avec les récents changements dans l’alimentation des aliments riches en fibres, nous avons cessé de nourrir nos microbes avec ce dont ils ont besoin. »
Lorsque vos bactéries intestinales mangent une alimentation riche en fibres, elles fabriquent davantage d’acides gras à chaîne courte, qui vous protègent des maladies intestinales, du cancer colorectal et même de l’obésité. En particulier, ils augmentent la production de butyrate, une graisse
» data-gt-translate-attributes= »[{ » attribute= » »>acid that serves as the energy source for the intestinal cells themselves. Butyrate has been shown to increase the gut’s resistance to infections, reduce inflammation, and create happier, healthier intestinal lining cells.
David’s research group was interested in whether it might be necessary to “personalize” fiber supplements for different people in light of the wide range of supplements on the market. Different fermentable fibers have been shown to have different effects on the production of short-chain fatty acids depending on the individual.
“We didn’t see a lot of difference between the fiber supplements we tested. Rather, they looked interchangeable,” David said during a tour of his sparkling new lab in the MSRB III building, which includes a special “science toilet” for collecting samples and an array of eight “artificial gut” fermenters for growing happy gut microbes outside a body.
“Regardless of which of the test supplements you pick, it seems your microbiome will thank you with more butyrate,” David said.
The average American adult only consumes 20 to 40 percent of the daily recommended amount of fiber, which is believed to be a root cause behind a lot of our common health maladies, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, digestive disorders, and colon cancer. Instead of having to go totally vegetarian or consume pounds of kale daily, convenient fiber supplements have been created that can increase the production of short-chain fatty acids.
The Duke experiments tested three main kinds of fermentable fiber supplements: inulin, dextrin (Benefiber), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) marketed as Bimuno. The 28 participants were separated into groups and given each of the three supplements for one week in different orders, with a week off between supplements to allow participants’ guts to return to a baseline state.
Participants who had been consuming the most fiber beforehand showed the least change in their microbiomes, and the type of supplement really didn’t matter, probably because they were already hosting a more optimal population of gut bugs, David said.
Conversely, participants who had been consuming the least fiber saw the greatest increase in butyrate with the supplements, regardless of which one was being consumed.
In a second study the David lab performed with support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, they found that gut microbes responded to a new addition of fiber within a day, dramatically altering the populations of bugs present in the gut and changing which of their genes they were using to digest food.
Using their artificial gut fermenters, the researchers found the gut microbes were primed by the first dose to consume fiber and digested it quickly on the second dose.
“These findings are encouraging,” said graduate student Jeffrey Letourneau, lead author of the second study. “If you’re a low fiber consumer, it’s probably not worth it to stress so much about which kind of fiber to add. It’s just important that you find something that works for you in a sustainable way.”
“It doesn’t need to be a supplement either,” Holmes added. “It can just be a fiber-rich food. Folks who were already eating a lot of fiber, which comes from plants like beans, leafy greens, and citrus, already had very healthy microbiomes.”
References: “Microbiota Responses to Different Prebiotics Are Conserved Within Individuals and Associated with Habitual Fiber Intake,” Zachary Holmes, Max Villa, Heather Durand, Sharon Jiang, Eric Dallow, Brianna Petrone, Justin Silverman, Pao-Hwa Lin and Lawrence David, 29 July 2022, Microbiome.
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01307-x
“Ecological Memory of Prior Nutrient Exposure in the Human Gut Microbiome,” Jeffrey Letourneau, Zachary Holmes, Eric Dallow, Heather Durand, Sharon Jiang, Verónica Carrion, Savita Gupta, Adam Mincey, Michael Muehlbauer, James Bain and Lawrence David, 23 July 2022, ISME Journal.
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01292-x
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, Office of Naval Research,
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